Phillip II instituted far-reaching reforms at home and abroad.
In less than a decade, he had defeated most of Macedon’s neighboring enemies: the Illyrians and the Paionians to the west and northwest, and the Thracians to the north and northeast. In 360 B.C., an extraordinary individual, Philip II of Macedon (northern Greece), came to power. As each polis tended to its own interests, frequent disputes and temporary alliances between rival factions resulted.
During the first half of the fourth century B.C., Greek poleis, or city-states, remained autonomous.
